The items you pick up or buy in the world will be stored in your inventory. Access your inventory by clicking the hero icon in the bottomleft corner, and then change to the inventory tab.
Let's say you have bought that shiny new sword that you always wanted. Now you want to start using it. This is how you do it:
The item is now equipped and you are ready to start using it.
On a side note, you can also longclick items in the inventory to equip them more quickly.